Complete Cattle Buying Guide
Whether you're a first-time buyer or an experienced cattleman, this guide covers everything you need to know about purchasing cattle—from understanding breeds to inspecting animals and completing transactions.
Buying cattle is a significant investment that requires careful consideration of multiple factors. This guide will help you make informed decisions whether you're purchasing for breeding stock, feeder cattle, or direct-to-consumer beef.
Understanding Cattle Breeds
The breed you choose significantly impacts meat quality, growth rate, and adaptability to your environment. Here are the most popular beef breeds in America:
Black Angus
The most popular breed in the US, known for exceptional marbling and tenderness.
- • Superior marbling (USDA Prime/Choice)
- • Naturally polled (no horns)
- • Good maternal traits
Hereford
Hardy breed known for foraging ability and consistent beef quality.
- • Excellent feed efficiency
- • Adaptable to various climates
- • Leaner than Angus
Charolais
French breed valued for large frame size and lean meat.
- • Heavy muscling
- • Fast growth rate
- • Low fat content
Simmental
Swiss breed known for rapid growth and versatility.
- • Large carcass
- • Good milk production
- • Docile temperament
Breed Selection Tips
- Consider your local climate—some breeds handle heat or cold better
- Match breed characteristics to your goals (marbling vs. lean meat)
- Crossbreeds often combine benefits of multiple breeds
Types of Cattle Purchases
Feeder Cattle
Young cattle (typically 6-10 months, 500-800 lbs) purchased to be fed out to slaughter weight. Common for feedlot operations or those looking to finish cattle on pasture.
- • Steers and heifers
- • Priced per pound or per head
- • 4-8 months to finish weight
Breeding Stock
Bulls, cows, or bred heifers purchased for reproduction. Quality genetics command premium prices.
- • Bulls: evaluate EPDs, breeding soundness
- • Cows: consider age, calving history
- • Bred heifers: verify pregnancy status
Finished/Slaughter Cattle
Market-ready cattle at optimal weight (1,100-1,400 lbs) for processing. Ideal for Butcher Box programs.
- • Ready for immediate processing
- • Evaluate finish (fat cover)
- • Consider USDA grade potential
Health Considerations
Healthy cattle are essential for a successful purchase. Here's what to look for and request:
Signs of Good Health
- • Alert and active behavior
- • Clear eyes and nose
- • Smooth, shiny coat
- • Good body condition score (5-7)
- • Normal breathing and movement
- • Clean hindquarters
Warning Signs
- • Excessive coughing or nasal discharge
- • Dull, rough coat
- • Lameness or stiff movement
- • Isolation from the herd
- • Diarrhea or soiled hindquarters
- • Poor body condition
Required Documentation
- Health Certificate: Required for interstate transport, issued by veterinarian
- Vaccination Records: BVD, IBR, PI3, BRSV, Clostridial diseases
- Brucellosis Test: Required for breeding females in most states
- Brand Inspection: Required in many western states
Understanding Pricing
Cattle prices fluctuate based on market conditions, breed, quality, and regional demand. Here's how to evaluate pricing:
Pricing Methods
Per Pound ($/lb or $/cwt)
Most common for feeder and slaughter cattle. Price per pound of live weight. CWT = per 100 pounds.
Per Head
Common for breeding stock. A flat price regardless of weight. Consider value per pound when comparing.
Per Pair
For cow-calf pairs. Includes the cow and her nursing calf as a unit.
Market Price Research
Before buying, research current market prices through:
- • USDA Market News reports
- • Local auction barn results
- • Cattle Hub marketplace listings
- • Regional cattle publications
Transportation & Receiving
Proper transportation is crucial for animal welfare and maintaining cattle health post-purchase.
Transport Requirements
- Licensed and insured livestock hauler
- Properly maintained trailer with non-slip flooring
- Adequate space (don't overcrowd)
- All required health papers and permits
Upon Arrival
- Provide fresh water immediately
- Quarantine new animals for 2-3 weeks
- Allow adjustment period before introducing to herd
- Monitor for signs of shipping stress
Ready to Buy Cattle?
Browse verified sellers on Cattle Hub or explore our Butcher Box service for processed beef.